JOEL ADAMU V

THE STATE

SUPREME COURT OF NIGERIA

MARY UKAEGO PETER-ODILI JSC (Presided ) MUSA DATTIJO MUHAMMAD JSC CLARA BATA OGUNBIYI JSC KUMAI BAYANG AKAAHS JSC

MOTONMORI OLATOKUNBO KEKERE-EKUN JSC

(Read the Lead Judgment ) SC. 125/2013 FRIDAY, 13 JANUARY 2017

APPEAL - Findings of fact by lower courts - When concurrent Attitude of Supreme Court thereto CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - Armed robbery - Offence of - Ingredients of CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - Arraignment - Statutorily prescribed procedure for - Non-compliance with - Effect

Criminal Procedure Code, section 187(1) considered CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - Conspiracy - Conviction for where substantive offence is not proved - Propriety of - Rationale for CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - Identification of accused Question of - Nature of - Identification evidence - Where objected to - Proper approach of court to evaluation of CRI M INAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - Proof be y ond reasonable doubt - When satisfied CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - Witnesses…